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Julien (opera)
''Julien, ou La vie du poète'' (''Julien, or The Poet’s Life'') is a poème lyrique or opera by composer Gustave Charpentier. The work is devised in a prologue and four acts and uses a French libretto by the composer. ''Julien'' is a sequel to Charpentier's ''Louise'' (1900) and describes the artistic aspirations of Louise’s suitor Julien. The opera premiered in Paris at the Opéra-Comique on 4 June 1913.〔Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), ''The Oxford Dictionary of Opera'', 782 pages, ISBN 0-19-869164-5〕
==Background and performance history==
Like ''Louise'', ''Juliens plot is somewhat autobiographical and requires many characters and chorus roles, with the main female lead portraying four smaller characters in addition to the role of Louise. The opera integrates elements of an earlier piece, ''La Vie du Poète'', a symphony-drama of 1888–1889. The chorus consists largely of ''filles du rêve'' (girls of the dream), fairies, and chimeras as well as various men's roles, mainly different kinds of working class men. Charpentier described how, except for the prologue, "Louise and the various characters who surround Julien are not so much real people as an exteriorized realization of their inner souls".
The opera was not well received at its premiere, although it did gain the admiration of Gabriel Fauré who admired its expressionist qualities.〔Richard Langham Smith: "Julien", ''Grove Music Online'' ed. L. Macy (Accessed February 19, 2009), ((subscription required) )〕 Apart from two productions in 1914, one of which was at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City with Geraldine Farrar and Enrico Caruso in the main roles, it had not been revived until 3 December 2000 when it had its German premiere. The production at the Theater Dortmund was directed by John Dew and conducted by Axel Kober.〔''Libération'' (5 December 2000). ("Charpentier exhumé à Dortmund." ). Retrieved 5 September 2014 .〕 There are no full length recordings of the opera. However Julien's aria "La voix de la nuit" sung by Maurice Dutreix appears as the final track on the 1935 abridged recording of ''Louise'' (re-released in 2003 on Naxos Records).
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